27 verses
This chapter warns against pride and foolishness while extolling humility, wisdom, and true friendship.
The opening verses advise against boasting about tomorrow and praise external, sincere commendation over self-glorification. They warn that a fool’s wrath outweighs stone and sand and that envy is nearly impossible to confront. Open rebuke is valued more than secret affection, and the wounds of a friend are described as trustworthy compared to the deceit of an enemy’s kisses. The text extols the benefits of honest counsel and the strength of genuine companionship, while cautioning against the folly of pride and rashness. Themes of humility, wisdom, and prudence recur, highlighting the necessity of listening to wise counsel and protecting one’s self from folly. The chapter then reflects on the transient nature of wealth, the value of stewardship of flocks, and the fleeting nature of riches and crowns. Overall, the lesson emphasizes that true wisdom is found in humility, preparedness, and genuine companionship.
mixed
Contains warnings, caution, and encouraging guidance.