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Numbers 21

35 verses

TL;DR

Israel faces the Canaanite king Arad, endures wilderness trials with fiery serpents, and after the brass serpent miracle, conquers the Amorite kings Sihon and Og, taking their lands.

Summary

The Israelites encounter King Arad of Canaan, wrestle with the Canaanites, and God delivers them, allowing Israel to destroy the enemy cities and name the place Hormah. As they travel from Mount Hor along the Red Sea, the people grow discouraged and complain about lack of food and water, prompting God to send fiery serpents that bite many. The Israelites repent, Moses prays, and God instructs him to make a brass serpent on a pole so that those who look upon it will live. The Israelites then journey through various wilderness locations, including Oboth, Ijeabarim, Zared, and the valley of Arnon, eventually reaching the well of Beer. They sing a song of gratitude for water and continue toward the lands of the Amorites, where they send messengers to King Sihon requesting passage. Sihon refuses and attacks Israel; Israel defeats him, takes his land from the Arnon to Jabbok, and occupies many cities, including Heshbon. Following this, they confront King Og of Bashan, who is also defeated, and they occupy his land as well.

Outline
  1. Conflict and deliverance from King Arad, culminating in the naming of Hormah
  2. Wilderness hardships, serpents, and the brass serpent miracle
  3. Conquest of Amorite lands through Sihon and Og, securing territories for Israel
Themes
faithful repentance and obediencedivine judgment and mercycovenant faithfulness and fulfillment
Keywords
CanaaniteserpentbrassAmoriteconquestvowwildernessjudgmentmiracle
People
AradMosesSihonOgking of Bashanking of the Amorites
Places
HormahMount HorRed SeaEdomObothIjeabarimZaredArnonMoabBeerMattanahNahalielBamothPisgahJabbokHeshbonDibonNophahMedebaBashanEdrei
Things
vowfiery serpentsbrass serpentwellsong of gratitude
Key Verses
  • Numbers 21:6: God sends deadly serpents to punish Israel's rebellion
  • Numbers 21:8: God's miraculous provision of a healing device—the brass serpent
  • Numbers 21:24: Israel defeats Sihon and claims his lands, marking a decisive conquest
  • Numbers 21:34: God assures Moses that Og will be defeated, reinforcing divine support
Questions
  • What does Israel’s vow to destroy the cities reveal about their faith and sense of divine protection?
  • How does the story of the brass serpent illustrate the concept of faithful obedience?
  • In what ways does the conquest of Sihon and Og demonstrate God's role in fulfilling covenant promises?
Sentiment

mixed
Both divine judgment and mercy are depicted, reflecting complex emotions of conflict and relief.