Summary
In the twentieth year of Artaxerxes, Nehemiah approaches the king with a petition to go to Jerusalem and restore its walls. The king grants letters of safe passage and supplies. Nehemiah travels incognito, observes the decimated city, and returns to persuade the Jews, priests, and nobles to rebuild. Despite mockery from Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem, the people are united by faith and determination. The chapter sets the stage for the physical and spiritual renewal of Jerusalem.