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Leviticus 11

47 verses

TL;DR

Leviticus 11 outlines which animals and birds are clean for Israelite consumption and which are unclean, detailing rules for handling carcasses and maintaining holiness.

Summary

The chapter begins by commanding Moses and Aaron to inform the Israelites which land animals are permissible to eat: those that both chew the cud and have cloven hooves. It then lists several examples of unclean creatures—animals that fail either of those conditions, such as the camel, goat, hare, and swine—declaring them unclean and forbidden to eat or touch. The text extends to aquatic life, permitting only fish with fins and scales, while all other water creatures are deemed abominable. Bird regulations follow, identifying certain fowl—e.g., eagles, vultures, and owls—as unclean, while specifying a few insects, like locusts and grasshoppers, as acceptable. Finally, the passage provides detailed purification rules for contact with carcasses, contaminated vessels, and agricultural materials, emphasizing the necessity of washing and the prohibition of making oneself unclean, underscoring God's holiness and the covenant of sanctity for Israel.

Outline
  1. 1. Definition of clean land animals and examples of unclean ones
  2. 2. Rules for water creatures, birds, and permissible insects
  3. 3. Purification procedures for contact with carcasses and contamination
Themes
cleanliness vs. impuritydietary law as covenantal identityholiness through obedience
Keywords
cleanuncleanabominationcudhooffinsscalesfowlinsectscarcasswasheven
People
MosesAaronLORD
Places
land of Egypt
Things
clean animalunclean animalabominationhoovescudfinsscalescarcasswashingevenflying creeping thinginsectsseedwater
Key Verses
  • Leviticus 11:3: establishes the criteria for clean animals
  • Leviticus 11:7: provides a concrete example of an unclean animal
  • Leviticus 11:22: identifies permissible insects for consumption
Questions
  • What does the distinction between clean and unclean animals reveal about Israel’s relationship with God?
  • How might these dietary laws have served to reinforce community identity?
  • In what ways do the purification rituals promote a sense of holiness?
  • Why might certain insects be allowed while most birds are forbidden?
  • How do the concepts of ‘clean’ and ‘unclean’ in Leviticus 11 relate to modern ideas of ritual purity?
Sentiment

neutral
The chapter presents regulations without explicit moral judgments; it is descriptive and instructional.